Historic Roof Restoration: Lessons from 200-Year-Old Roofs in Exeter

Roofs are one of the most critical parts of any building, but unless you’re as interested in historic roof restoration as we are, they are also one of the most overlooked. When we walk through Exeter or other landmark towns, though, it’s impossible not to notice the old slate and thatch roofs still protecting old buildings centuries later. These roofs are more than just structural – they are records of craftsmanship, design, and durability. Studying them can offer valuable insight into how we build and maintain roofs today. In this article, we’ll explore why these roofs have lasted so long, what materials and techniques were used, and how modern homeowners and roofers can apply the same principles.

Roofs That Stood the Test of Time

Spend some time on Exeter’s Cathedral Green and you’ll see roofs that have been repaired and maintained for hundreds of years. Many of the city’s Georgian townhouses still have their original slate roofs, some dating back to the early 1800s. In rural Devon, thatched cottages have survived harsh winters and storms because of careful upkeep and traditional knowledge passed down through generations.

These examples show us that historic roof restoration is about more than meets the eye. It is about understanding a building’s history, the environment it sits in, and the materials that work best in that location.

The Craftsmanship and Materials That Made Them Last

One reason 200-year-old roofs are still standing is the high-quality materials used. Natural slate, handmade clay tiles, and locally sourced thatch were chosen not only for their availability but also for their proven performance. Many of these materials are incredibly durable, resistant to weather, and – when properly maintained – can last a lifetime.

Historic builders also understood the importance of skilled craftsmanship. Just like today, roofers were trained through apprenticeships, learning how to lay materials with precision and respect for a building’s structure. In modern roof restorations, these skills are still crucial. Using traditional methods and sourcing similar materials ensures that the restored roof looks authentic and performs as intended.

Design Features That (Still!) Work 

Old roofs weren’t just beautiful – they were practical. Features such as steep pitches, deep eaves, and carefully designed guttering systems helped direct water away from the building and prevent leaks. Ventilation was often built into the design, reducing condensation and prolonging the life of the roof timber. When we look at historic roofs today, we can see that these design elements are still relevant. The best restorers replicate these original features to protect a building’s structure as well as maintain its character.

Hidden Stories in Historic Roofs

Every historic roof has a story to tell if you know what to look for. In Exeter, for example, some Georgian and Victorian roofs still hold carpenter’s marks scratched into the rafters by the original builders. These marks were used as assembly guides, but today they give us a glimpse into 19th-century construction methods.

You might also find mismatched slates or reclaimed tiles, evidence of repairs carried out after storms or fire damage. In some cases, thatch layers have been renewed several times, with old straw still hidden underneath, acting as insulation. Skilled roofers often document what they find, preserving these details for future generations and helping historians build a timeline of the building’s life.

How We Can Apply Historic Lessons to Today’s Roofs

Modern roofing has the benefit of new materials and technology, but there’s still a lot we can learn from traditional methods. 

• Choosing quality materials. Opt for natural products where possible, such as slate or clay, which have proven longevity.
  
  
• Prioritising skilled labour. Work with roofers who have experience in conservation projects or who understand traditional techniques.
  
  
• Regular maintenance. Many historic roofs have lasted because they’ve been consistently repaired rather than replaced. Regular inspections can catch problems early.
  
  
• Respecting a building’s character. Matching original materials and design not only preserves heritage value but also ensures the roof performs as intended.

Environmental Benefits of Historic Roof Restoration

Choosing restoration over a full replacement on historic buildings is not just about aesthetics — it’s also a sustainable roofing choice. Reusing existing slate, timber, and tiles helps reduce waste and avoids sending historic materials to landfill. Many traditional roofing materials are naturally low-carbon and locally sourced, such as Devon slate or water reed thatch, which reduces transport emissions. Restoration also supports a circular economy by encouraging repair over disposal. 

The True Value of Craftsmanship

The roofs that have stood for centuries in Exeter and beyond remind us of the value of craftsmanship, quality materials, and good maintenance. Whether you own a listed building or simply want a roof that lasts, following the lessons of the past can ensure your home is protected for generations.

Want to learn more about this topic? Take a tour of some of the finest examples of historic roofing in our guide to Devon’s roofing heritage.

FAQs on Historic Roof Restoration

What is historic roof restoration?
Historic roof restoration is the process of repairing or replacing a roof on a period property using traditional materials and techniques. The goal is to preserve the building’s original look while improving its performance and protecting it for future generations.

How often should a historic roof be inspected?
A historic roof should be inspected at least once a year and after major storms. Regular inspections help spot loose tiles, leaks, or damage early, preventing costly repairs later.

Can modern materials be used in historic roof restoration?
Yes — but they should complement the original roof design. For instance, breathable membranes and discreet insulation upgrades can improve efficiency without affecting the building’s character.

Is historic roof restoration expensive?
It can cost more upfront due to skilled labour and specialist materials, but restoration often saves money in the long run by extending the life of the roof and avoiding full replacement.

Do I need permission to restore a roof on a listed building?
Yes, if your property is listed or in a conservation area, you may need Listed Building Consent or planning permission. Always check with your local council before starting any work.